Real Madrid C.F.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Real Madrid Club de Fútbol (
Spanish pronunciation: [reˈal maˈðɾið ˈkluβ ðe ˈfuðβol];
Royal Madrid Football Club), commonly known as
Real Madrid, or simply as
Real, is a professional
football club based in
Madrid, Spain.
Founded in 1902 as
Madrid Football Club, the team has traditionally worn a white home kit since inception. The word
Real is Spanish for
Royal and was bestowed to the club by
King Alfonso XIII in 1920 together with the royal crown in the emblem. The team has played its home matches in the 85,044-capacity
Santiago Bernabéu Stadium in downtown Madrid since 1947. Unlike most European sporting entities, Real Madrid's members (
socios) have owned and operated the club throughout its history.
The club is the
most valuable sports team in the world, worth €2.5 billion ($3.4 billion) and the world's
highest-earning football club for 2013–14, with an annual revenue of €549.5 million.
[6][7][8] The club is one of the most widely supported teams in the world.
[9] Real Madrid is one of three founding members of the
Primera División that have
never been relegated from the top division, along with
Athletic Bilbao and
Barcelona. The club holds many long-standing rivalries, most notably
El Clásico with Barcelona and the
El Derbi madrileño with
Atlético Madrid.
Real Madrid established itself as a major force in both Spanish and
European football during the 1950s. The club won five consecutive
European Cups,
and reached the final seven times. This success was replicated in the
league, where the club won five times in the space of seven years. This
team, which consisted of players such as
Di Stéfano,
Ferenc Puskás,
Gento,
Raymond Kopa, and
Santamaría, is considered by some in the sport to be the greatest team of all time.
[10][11][12][13]
In domestic football, the club has
won a record 32 La Liga titles, 19
Copa del Rey, 9
Supercopa de España, 1
Copa Eva Duarte, and 1
Copa de la Liga.
[14] In international football, the club has
won a record 10 European Cup/UEFA Champions League titles and a joint record 3
Intercontinental Cups, as well as 2
UEFA Cups, 2
UEFA Super Cups and a
FIFA Club World Cup.
Real Madrid was recognised as the
FIFA Club of the 20th Century on 23 December 2000, and named Best European Club of the 20th Century by the
IFFHS on 11 May 2010. The club received the
FIFA Centennial Order of Merit in 2004. The club is ranked first in the latest
IFFHS Club World Ranking, setting a new ranking-points record.
[15] The club also leads the current
UEFA club rankings.
[16]
History
Early years (1897–1945)
Real Madrid's origins go back to when football was introduced to Madrid by the academics and students of the
Institución Libre de Enseñanza, which included several
Cambridge and
Oxford University graduates. They founded
Football Club Sky in 1897, playing on Sunday mornings at Moncloa. It split into two clubs in 1900:
New Foot-Ball de Madrid and Madrid Football Club.
[17] On 6 March 1902, after a new Board presided by
Juan Padrós had been elected, Madrid Football Club was officially founded.
[3] Three years after its foundation, in 1905,
Madrid FC won its first title after defeating
Athletic Bilbao in the
Spanish Cup final. The club became one of the founding sides of the
Royal Spanish Football Federation on 4 January 1909, when club president
Adolfo Meléndez signed the foundation agreement of the Spanish FA. After moving between grounds the team moved to the
Campo de O'Donnell in 1912.
[18] In 1920, the club's name was changed to Real Madrid after
King Alfonso XIII granted the title of
Real (Royal) to the club.
[19]
King
Alfonso XIII allowed the club to use the title of
Real (royal)
In 1929, the first
Spanish football league
was founded. Real Madrid led the first league season until the last
match, a loss to Athletic Bilbao, meant they finished runners-up to
Barcelona.
[20] Real Madrid won its first League title in the
1931–32 season. Real won the League again the following year, becoming the first team to have won the championship twice.
[21]
On 14 April 1931, the arrival of the
Second Spanish Republic
caused the club to lose the title Real and went back to being named
Madrid Football Club. Football continued during the Second World War,
and on 13 June 1943 Madrid beat
Barcelona 11–1 in the second leg of a semi-final
[22] of the
Copa del Generalísimo, the Copa del Rey having been renamed in honour of
General Franco. It has been suggested that Barcelona players were intimidated by police,
[23]
including by the director of state security who "allegedly told the
team that some of them were only playing because of the regime's
generosity in permitting them to remain in the country."
[24] The Barcelona chairman, Enric Piñeyro, was assaulted by Madrid fans.
[25]
However, none of these allegations have been proven and FIFA and UEFA
still consider the result as legitimate. According to Spanish journalist
and writer, Juan Carlos Pasamontes, Barcelona player Josep Valle denied
that the Spanish security forces came before the match.
[26] Instead, at the end of the first half, Barcelona coach
Juan José Nogués
and all of his players were angry with the hard-style of play Real
Madrid was using and with the aggressiveness of the home crowd.
[26] When they refused to take the field, the Superior
Chief of Police of Madrid appeared, identified himself, and ordered the team to take the field.
[26]
Santiago Bernabéu Yeste and European success (1945–78)
Alfredo Di Stéfano led the club to win five European Cups consecutively (currently the Champions League)
Santiago Bernabéu Yeste became president of Real Madrid in 1945.
[27] Under his presidency, the club, its stadium
Santiago Bernabéu and its training facilities
Ciudad Deportiva were rebuilt after the
Spanish Civil War damages. Additionally, during the 1950s former
Real Madrid Amateurs player Miguel Malbo founded Real Madrid's youth academy, or "
cantera," known today as
La Fábrica. Beginning in 1953, he embarked upon a strategy of signing world-class players from abroad, the most prominent being
Alfredo Di Stéfano.
[28]
In 1955, acting upon the idea proposed by the French sports journalist and editor of
L'Équipe Gabriel Hanot, Bernabéu, Bedrignan and
Gusztáv Sebes created an exhibition tournament of invited teams from around Europe that would eventually become what today is known as the
UEFA Champions League.
[29]
It was under Bernabéu's guidance that Real Madrid established itself as
a major force in both Spanish and European football. The club won the
European Cup five times in a row between 1956 and 1960, which included
the 7–3 Hampden Park
final against
Eintracht Frankfurt in
1960.
[28] After these five consecutive successes, Real was permanently awarded the original cup and earning the right to wear the
UEFA badge of honour.
[30]
The club won the European Cup for a sixth time in
1966 defeating
Partizan Belgrade 2–1 in
the final with a team composed entirely of same nationality players, a first in the competition.
[31] This team became known as the
Yé-yé. The name "Ye-yé" came from the "Yeah, yeah, yeah" chorus in
The Beatles' song "
She Loves You" after four members of the team posed for
Marca and impersonated the Beatles.
[32] The Ye-yé generation was also European Cup runner-up in
1962 and
1964.
[31] In the 1970s, Real Madrid won five league championships and three Spanish Cups.
[33] The club played its first UEFA Cup Winners' Cup final in 1971 and lost to English side
Chelsea 2–1.
[34] On 2 July 1978, club president Santiago Bernabéu died while the
World Cup was being played in
Argentina.
FIFA decreed three days of mourning to honour him during the tournament.
[35] The following year, the club organized the first edition of the
Trofeo Santiago Bernabéu in the memory of its former president.
Quinta del Buitre and seventh European Cup (1980–2000)
By the early 1980s, Real Madrid had lost its grasp on the Liga title until a new cohort of home-grown stars brought
domestic success back to the club.
[36] Spanish sport journalist Julio César Iglesias gave to this generation the name
La Quinta del Buitre ("Vulture's Cohort"), which was derived from the nickname given to one of its members,
Emilio Butragueño. The other four members were
Manuel Sanchís,
Martín Vázquez,
Míchel and
Miguel Pardeza; all five footballers were graduates of
Real Madrid's youth academy.
[36] With
La Quinta del Buitre (reduced to four members when Pardeza left for
Zaragoza in 1986) and notable players like goalkeeper
Francisco Buyo, right-back Miguel Porlán
Chendo and Mexican striker
Hugo Sánchez, Real Madrid had one of the best teams in Spain and Europe during the second half of the 1980s, winning two UEFA Cups, five
Spanish championships in a row, one Spanish cup and three
Spanish Super Cups.
[36] In the early 1990s,
La Quinta del Buitre split up after Martín Vázquez, Emilio Butragueño and Míchel left the club.
In 1996, President
Lorenzo Sanz appointed
Fabio Capello as coach. Although his tenure lasted only one season, Real Madrid was proclaimed league champion and players like
Roberto Carlos,
Predrag Mijatović,
Davor Šuker and
Clarence Seedorf arrived at the club to strengthen a squad that already boasted the likes of
Raúl,
Fernando Hierro,
Iván Zamorano, and
Fernando Redondo. As a result, Real Madrid (with the addition of
Fernando Morientes in 1997) finally ended its 32-year wait for its seventh European Cup: in 1998, under manager
Jupp Heynckes, they defeated Juventus 1–0 in the
final with a goal from
Predrag Mijatović.
[37]
Los Galácticos (2000–2006)
In July 2000,
Florentino Pérez was elected club president.
[38]
He vowed in his campaign to erase the club's €270 million debt and
modernize the club's facilities. However, the primary electoral promise
that propelled Pérez to victory was the signing of
Luís Figo from arch-rivals Barcelona.
[39] The following year, the club had its training ground rezoned and used the money to begin assembling the famous
Galácticos side that included players such as
Zinedine Zidane,
Ronaldo, Luís Figo, Roberto Carlos, Raúl,
Fabio Cannavaro and
David Beckham. It is debatable whether the gamble paid off, as despite winning the UEFA Champions League and an
Intercontinental Cup in 2002, followed by La Liga in 2003, the club failed to win a major trophy for the next three seasons.
[40]
The few days after the capturing of the
2003 Liga title were surrounded with controversy. The first controversial decision came when Pérez sacked winning coach
Vicente del Bosque.
[41] Over a dozen players left the club, including Madrid captain Fernando Hierro, while defensive midfielder
Claude Makélélé refused to take part in training in protest at being one of the lowest-paid players at the club and subsequently moved to
Chelsea.
[42] "That's a lot [of players leaving] when the normal rule is: never change a winning team," stated Zidane.
[43] Real Madrid, with newly appointed coach
Carlos Queiroz, started their domestic league slowly after a hard win over
Real Betis.
[43]
The 2005–06 season began with the promise of several new signings:
Júlio Baptista (€24 million),
Robinho (€30 million) and
Sergio Ramos (€27 million).
[44]
However, Real Madrid suffered from some poor results, including a 0–3
loss at the hands of Barcelona at the Santiago Bernabéu in November
2005.
[45] Madrid's coach
Wanderley Luxemburgo was sacked the following month and his replacement was
Juan Ramón López Caro.
[46]
A brief return to form came to an abrupt halt after losing the first
leg of the Copa del Rey quarterfinal, 6–1 to Real Zaragoza.
[47] Shortly after, Real Madrid were eliminated from the Champions League for a fourth successive year, this time at the hands of
Arsenal. On 27 February 2006, Florentino Pérez resigned.
[48]
New president Ramón Calderón (2006–2009)
Ramón Calderón was elected as club president on 2 July 2006 and subsequently appointed Fabio Capello as the new coach and
Predrag Mijatović as the new sporting director. Real Madrid won the Liga title in
2007 for the first time in four years, but Capello was nonetheless sacked at the end of the campaign.
[49] On 9 June 2007, Real played against Zaragoza at
La Romareda. Zaragoza led Real 2–1 near the end of the match while Barcelona were also winning against Espanyol 2–1. A late
Ruud van Nistelrooy equalizer followed by a last-minute
Raúl Tamudo goal sprang Real Madrid's title hopes back into their favour.
The title was won on 17 June, where Real faced
Mallorca at the Bernabéu while Barcelona and
Sevilla, the other title challengers, faced
Gimnàstic de Tarragona and
Villarreal, respectively. At half-time, Real were 0–1 down, while Barcelona had surged ahead into a 0–3 lead in
Tarragona; however, three goals in the last half-hour secured Madrid a 3–1 win and their first league title since 2003.
[50] The first goal came from
José Antonio Reyes, who scored after a good work from
Gonzalo Higuaín. An own goal followed by another goal from Reyes allowed Real to begin celebrating the title.
[50] Thousands of Real Madrid fans began going to
Plaza de Cibeles to celebrate the title.
[50]
Second Pérez term, arrival of Cristiano Ronaldo and the Mourinho era (2009–13)
Cristiano Ronaldo, the first player ever to score against every team in a single season in La Liga.
On 1 June 2009, Florentino Pérez regained Real Madrid's presidency.
[51] Pérez continued with the
Galácticos policy pursued in his first term, buying
Kaká from
Milan for a
record-breaking sum of £56 million,
[52] and then breaking the
record again by purchasing
Cristiano Ronaldo from
Manchester United for £80 million.
[53]
José Mourinho took over as manager in May 2010.
[54][55] In April 2011, a strange occurrence happened when, for the first time ever, four
Clásicos
were to be played in a span of just 18 days. The first fixture was for
the Liga campaign on 17 April (which ended 1–1 with penalty goals for
both sides), the
Copa del Rey
final (which ended 1–0 to Madrid) and the controversial two-legged
Champions League semifinal on 27 April and 2 May (3–1 loss on aggregate)
to Barcelona.
[56]
In the
2011–12 La Liga season,
Real Madrid won La Liga for a record 32nd time in the leagu's history,
also finishing the season with numerous club-level records set,
including 100 points reached in a single season, a total of 121 goals
scored, a goal difference of +89 and 16 away wins, with 32 wins overall.
[57]
In the same season, Cristiano Ronaldo become the fastest player to
reach 100 goals scored in Spanish league history. In reaching 101 goals
in 92 games, Ronaldo surpassed Real Madrid legend
Ferenc Puskás,
who scored 100 goals in 105 games. Ronaldo set a new club mark for
individual goals scored in one year (60), and became the first player
ever to score against all 19 opposition teams in a single season.
[58][59]
Real Madrid began the
2012–13 season winning the
Supercopa de España,
defeating Barcelona on away goals, but finished as second in the league
competition. A major transfer of the season was signing from
Tottenham Hotspur of
Luka Modrić for a fee in the region of £33 million. In the
Champions League, they were drawn in the "
group of death" alongside
Borussia Dortmund,
Manchester City and
Ajax, finishing second with ten points behind Dortmund. In the round of 16, they defeated Manchester United,
Galatasaray
in the quarter-finals, and reached their third-straight semi-final
finish in the Champions League, when they were again stopped by
Dortmund. After a disappointing
extra time loss to
Atlético Madrid in the
2013 Copa del Rey Final
(which broke a 14-year skid for Atlético), Pérez announced the
departure of José Mourinho at the end of the season by "mutual
agreement."
[60][61] Mourinho returned to the English
Premier League with Chelsea, a team he managed from 2004 to 2007.
Ancelotti and La Décima (2013–2015)
On 25 June 2013,
Carlo Ancelotti succeeded Mourinho to become the manager of Real Madrid on a three-year deal.
[62] A day later, he was introduced at his first press conference for Madrid where it was announced that both
Zinedine Zidane and Paul Clement will be his assistants.
[63] On 1 September 2013, the long-awaited transfer from Tottenham of
Gareth Bale
was announced. The transfer of the Welshman was reportedly the new
world record signing, with the transfer price approximated at €100
million.
[64] In Ancelotti's first season at the club, Real Madrid won the Copa del Rey, with Bale scoring the winner in
the final against Barcelona.
[65] On 24 May, Real Madrid defeated city rivals
Atlético Madrid in the
2014 Champions League Final, winning their first European title since 2002,
[66] and becoming the first team to win ten European Cups/Champions League titles, an achievement known as "
La Décima."
[67]
After winning the 2014 Champions League, Real Madrid signed goalkeeper
Keylor Navas, midfielder
Toni Kroos and attacking midfielder
James Rodríguez.
[68] The club won the
2014 UEFA Super Cup against Sevilla, with two goals by Cristiano Ronaldo, the club's 79th official trophy.
[69] During the last week of the 2014 summer transfer window, Real Madrid sold two players key in the previous season's successes—
Xabi Alonso to
Bayern Munich and
Ángel Di María
to Manchester United, the latter for an English record fee of €75
million. This decision from the club was surrounded by controversy,
however, with Ronaldo stating, "If I was in charge, maybe I would have
done things differently," while Carlo Ancelotti admitted, "We must start
again from zero."
[70][71]
After a slow start to the
2014–15 La Liga season, which included defeats to Atlético Madrid and
Real Sociedad, Real Madrid went on a record-breaking winning streak, which included wins against Barcelona and
Liverpool, surpassing the previous Spanish record of 18 successive wins set by
Frank Rijkaard's Barça in the 2005–06 season.
[72] In December 2014, the club extended their winning streak to 22 games with a 2–0 win over
San Lorenzo in the
2014 FIFA Club World Cup Final, thus ending the calendar year with four trophies.
[73] Their 22-game winning streak ended in their opening game of 2015 with a loss to
Valencia, leaving the club two short of equalling the world record of 24 consecutive wins.
[74] The club failed to retain the Champions League (losing 3–2 on aggregate against
Juventus
in the semi-finals), the Copa del Rey (4–2 aggregate loss to Atlético),
and failed to land the league title (finishing two points and a place
behind champions Barcelona), shortcomings that all preceded Ancelotti's
sacking on 25 May 2015.
[75]
Crest and colours
Emblem
The first crest had a simple design consisting of a decorative
interlacing of the three initials of the club, "MCF" for Madrid Club de
Fútbol, in dark blue on a white shirt. The first change in the crest
occurred in 1908 when the letters adopted a more streamlined form and
appeared inside a circle.
[76] The next change in the configuration of the crest did not occur until the presidency of
Pedro Parages in 1920. At that time,
King Alfonso XIII granted the club his royal patronage which came in the form of the title "Real Madrid," meaning "Royal."
[77] Thus, Alfonso's crown was added to the crest and the club styled itself
Real Madrid Club de Fútbol.
[76]
With the dissolution of the monarchy in 1931, all the royal symbols
(the crown on the crest and the title of Real) were eliminated. The
crown was replaced by the dark mulberry band of the Region of Castile.
[21] In 1941, two years after the end of the
Civil War, the crest's "Real Corona", or "Royal Crown", was restored while the mulberry stripe of
Castile was retained as well.
[27]
In addition, the whole crest was made full color, with gold being the
most prominent, and the club was again called Real Madrid Club de
Fútbol.
[76]
The most recent modification to the crest occurred in 2001 when the
club wanted to better situate itself for the 21st century and further
standardize its crest. One of the modifications made was changing the
mulberry stripe to a more bluish shade.
[76]
Home kit
Real Madrid's traditional home colours are all white, although before
its foundation, in the club's first game against themselves, they
adopted a blue and a red oblique stripe on the shirt to differentiate
the two teams (the club crest design has a purple stripe which is not
associated to this. It was incorporated the year they lost the royal
crown, as it the traditional region of Castile colour); but unlike
today, black socks were worn. Lastly, the black socks will be replaced
by dark blue ones.
[20][78]
Real Madrid has maintained the white shirt for its home kit throughout
the history of the club. There was, however, one season that the shirt
and shorts were not both white. It was an initiative undertaken by
Escobal and Quesada in 1925; the two were traveling through England when
they noticed the kit worn by London-based team
Corinthian F.C.,
one of the most famous teams at the time known for its elegance and
sportsmanship. It was decided that Real Madrid would wear black shorts
in an attempt to replicate the English team, but the initiative lasted
just one year. After being eliminated from the cup by Barcelona with a
1–5 defeat in Madrid and a 2–0 defeat in Catalonia, President Parages
decided to return to an all-white kit, claiming that the other kit
brought bad luck. Years later,
Leeds United switched their blue shirt for a white one after marveling at Real Madrid's 7–3 Victory against
Eintracht Frankfurt in Glasgow's
Hampden Park.
[79]
By the early 1940s, the manager changed the kit again by adding buttons
to the shirt and the club's crest on the left breast, which has
remained ever since. On 23 November 1947, in a game against
Atlético Madrid at the Metropolitano Stadium, Real Madrid became the first Spanish team to wear numbered shirts.
[27]
Real's traditional away colours are all blue or all purple. Since the
advent of the replica kit market, the club has also released various
other one colour designs, including red, green, orange and black. The
club's kit is manufactured by
Adidas, whose contract extends from 1998.
[80][81] Real Madrid's first shirt sponsor,
Zanussi, agreed for the 1982–83, 1983–84 and 1984–85 seasons. Following that, the club was sponsored by
Parmalat and Otaysa before a long-term deal was signed with
Teka in 1992.
[82][83]
In 2001, Real Madrid ended their contract with Teka and for one season
and used the Realmadrid.com logo to promote the club's website. Then, in
2002, a deal was signed with
Siemens Mobile and in 2006, the
BenQ Siemens logo appeared on the club's shirt.
[84] Real Madrid's shirt sponsor from 2007 until 2013 was
bwin.com following the economic problems of BenQ Siemens.
[85][86] It is currently Fly Emirates.
Kit manufacturers and shirt sponsors
Source:[87]
* Realmadrid.com appeared as shirt sponsor to promote the club's new website.
Grounds
Santiago Bernabéu
 |
| Capacity |
85,454 |
| Field size |
107 m × 72 m (351 ft × 236 ft)[88] |
| Construction |
| Broke ground |
27 October 1944 |
| Opened |
14 December 1947 |
| Architect |
Manuel Muñoz Monasterio, Luis Alemany Soler, Antonio Lamela |
After moving between grounds, the team moved to the
Campo de O'Donnell in 1912, which remained its home ground for 11 years.
[18] After this period, the club moved for one year to the
Campo de Ciudad Lineal, a small ground with a capacity of 8,000 spectators. After that, Real Madrid moved its home matches to
Estadio Chamartín, which was inaugurated on 17 May 1923 with a match against
Newcastle United.
[89] In this stadium, which hosted 22,500 spectators, Real Madrid celebrated its first Spanish league title.
[20] After some successes, the 1943 elected president
Santiago Bernabéu
decided that the Estadio Chamartín was not big enough for the ambitions
of the club, and thus a new stadium was built and was inaugurated on 14
December 1947.
[27][90] This was the
Santiago Bernabéu Stadium as it is known today, although it did not acquire the present name until 1955.
[28] The first match at the Bernabéu was played between Real Madrid and the Portuguese club
Belenenses and won by
Los Blancos, 3–1, the first goal being scored by Sabino Barinaga.
[27]
The capacity has changed frequently, peaking at 120,000 after a 1953 expansion.
[91]
Since then, there have been a number of reductions due to
modernizations (the last standing places went away in 1998–99 in
response to
UEFA regulations which forbids standing at matches in the UEFA competition), countered to some extent by expansions.
[91]
The last change was an increase of about five thousand to a capacity of
85,454, effected in 2011. A plan to add a retractable roof has been
announced.
[90] Real Madrid has the fourth-highest of the
average attendances of European football clubs, behind only
Borussia Dortmund,
Barcelona and
Manchester United.
[92][93][94][95]
The Bernabéu has hosted the
1964 European Championship final, the
1982 FIFA World Cup final, the
1957,
1969 and
1980 European Cup finals and the
2010 Champions League Final.
[96] The stadium has its own
Madrid Metro station along the 10 line called
Santiago Bernabéu.
[97] On 14 November 2007, the Bernabéu has been upgraded to
Elite Football Stadium status by UEFA.
[98]
On 9 May 2006, the
Alfredo Di Stéfano Stadium
was inaugurated in the City of Madrid, where Real Madrid usually
trains. The inaugural match was played between Real Madrid and
Stade Reims, a rematch of the 1956 European Cup final. Real Madrid won the match 6–1 with goals from
Sergio Ramos,
Antonio Cassano (2),
Roberto Soldado (2) and
José Manuel Jurado. The venue is now part of the
Ciudad Real Madrid, the club's new training facilities located outside Madrid in Valdebebas. The stadium holds 5,000 people and is
Real Madrid Castilla's home ground. It is named after former Real legend
Alfredo Di Stéfano.
[99]
Records and statistics
Raúl is Real Madrid's all-time leader in appearances.
Raúl holds the record for most Real Madrid appearances, having played 741 first-team matches from 1994 to 2010.
Manuel Sanchis, Jr. comes third after
Iker Casillas (725), having played 711 times.
[100]
The record for a goalkeeper is held by Iker Casillas, with
725 appearances. With 164* caps (162 while at the club), he is also
Real's most capped international player while with 127 caps (47 while at
the club),
Luís Figo of Portugal is Real's most capped foreign international player.
[101]
Cristiano Ronaldo is Real Madrid's all-time top goalscorer, with 326 goals.
[102][103] Five other players have also scored over 200 goals for Real:
Alfredo Di Stéfano (1953–64),
Santillana (1971–88),
Ferenc Puskás (1958–66),
Hugo Sánchez (1985–92) and the previous goalscoring record-holder
Raúl
(1994–2010). Cristiano Ronaldo holds the record for the most league
goals scored in one season (46 in 2011–12). Di Stéfano's 49 goals in
58 matches was for decades the all-time highest tally in the European
Cup, until it was surpassed by Raúl in 2005, which now is held by
Cristiano Ronaldo with 82 goals. The fastest goal in the history of the
club (15 seconds) was scored by the Brazilian
Ronaldo on 3 December 2003 during a league match against
Atlético Madrid.
[104]
Officially, the highest home attendance figure for a Real Madrid match is 83,329, which was for a football cup competition,
Copa del Rey, in 2006. The current legal capacity of the Santiago Bernabéu is 80,354.
[105] The club's
average attendance in
2007–08 season was 76,234, the highest in
European Leagues.
[106]
Real has also set records in Spanish football, most notably the most
domestic titles (32 as of 2012–13) and the most seasons won in a row
(five, during 1960–65 and 1985–90).
[1]
With 121 matches (from 17 February 1957 to 7 March 1965), the club
holds the record for longest unbeaten run at home in La Liga.
[107]
Gareth Bale's transfer to Real Madrid in 2013 was reportedly for a world record €100 million
The club also hold the record for winning the
European Cup/UEFA Champions League ten times
[108] and for the
most semi-final appearances (26). As of September 2015, Cristiano Ronaldo is the
all-time top scorer in the UEFA Champions League, with 82 goals in total, 67 while playing for Real Madrid. The team has the record number of
consecutive participations in the European Cup (before it became the Champions League) with 15, from 1955–56 to 1969–70.
[109] Among the club's on-field records is a 22-game winning streak in all competitions during the
2014–2015 season, a Spanish record.
[110] The same season the team tied the win-streak for games in the UEFA Champions League, with ten.
[111]
In June 2009, the club broke its own record for the
highest transfer fee ever paid in the
history of football by agreeing to pay
Manchester United €96 million (US$131.5 million,
£80 million) for the services of
Cristiano Ronaldo.
[112][113] The fee of €76 million (over $100 million, £45.8 million) for
Zinedine Zidane's transfer from
Juventus
to Real Madrid in 2001 was the previous highest transfer fee ever paid.
This record had been broken previously in June 2009, for a few days,
when Real Madrid agreed to buy
Kaká from
Milan. The transfer of
Tottenham Hotspur's
Gareth Bale in 2013 was reportedly the new world record signing, with the transfer price expected at around €100 million.
[64] The club's sale record came on 26 August 2014, when Manchester United signed
Ángel Di María for €75 million.
[114]
Support
During most home matches the majority of the seats in the stadium are
occupied by season ticket holders, of which there are average of
68,670.
[1] To become a season ticket holder one must first be a
socio, or club member. In addition to members, the club has more than 1,800
peñas
(official, club-affiliated supporters' groups) in Spain and around the
world. Real Madrid has the second highest average all-time attendance in
Spanish football and regularly attracts over 74,000 fans to
Santiago Bernabéu; it was the second best-supported La Liga team in the 2004–05 season, with an average gate of 71,900.
[115]
Real Madrid is one of the best supported teams globally, and has the
second largest social media following in the world among all sports
teams, after
Barcelona, with over 75 million Facebook fans by October 2014.
[116][117]
Real Madrid's hardcore supporters are the so-called
Ultras Sur supporters, or simply Ultras. They are known for their extreme
right-wing politics, akin to Barcelona's hardcore supporters group
Boixos Nois. The Ultras Surs have developed an alliance with other right wing groups, most notably
Lazio Irriducibili
fans, and have also developed an alliance with left-wing groups. On
several occasions, they have racially abused opposing players and have
been investigated by UEFA for doing so.
[118][119] Florentino Pérez
took it upon himself to ban the Ultras from the Bernabéu and assign
their seats to the general public. This decision was controversial with
some of the Bernabéu faithful, however, as the lively atmosphere of
games would suffer as a result.
[120][121] The Ultras have since held protests outside the Bernabéu and have demanded to be reinstated and allowed to enter the grounds.
[122]
Rivalries
El Clásico
Barcelona players formed a guard of honour for Real Madrid as champions of the league.
There is often a fierce rivalry between the two strongest teams in a
national league, and this is particularly the case in La Liga, where the
game between Real Madrid and Barcelona is known as "The Classic" (
El Clásico). From the start of national competitions, the clubs were seen as representatives of two rival regions in Spain,
Catalonia and
Castile, as well as of the two cities. The rivalry reflects what many regard as the political and cultural tensions felt between
Catalans and the
Castilians, seen by one author as a re-enactment of the
Spanish Civil War.
[123] Over the years, the record from Real Madrid and Barcelona is 81 victories for Madrid, 76 victories for Barcelona, and 39 draws.
[124]
During the dictatorships of
Primo de Rivera and especially of
Francisco Franco (1939–1975), all regional cultures were suppressed. All of the languages spoken in Spanish territory, except Spanish (
Castilian) itself, were officially banned.
[125][126] Symbolising the Catalan people's desire for freedom, Barcelona became "More than a club" (
"Més que un club") for the Catalans. According to
Manuel Vázquez Montalbán,
the best way for the Catalans to demonstrate their identity was by
joining Barcelona. It was less risky than joining a clandestine
anti-Franco movement, and allowed them to express their dissidence.
[127] During Franco's regime, however, the
blaugrana team was granted profit due to its good relationship with the dictator at management level, even giving two awards to him.
[128]
On the other hand, Real Madrid was widely seen as the embodiment of the sovereign oppressive
centralism and the fascist regime at management level and beyond–
Santiago Bernabéu, the former club president for whom
Real Madrid's stadium is named, fought on the
Nationalist side during the Spanish Civil War.
[129][130] During the war, however, members of both clubs, such as
Josep Sunyol and
Rafael Sánchez Guerra, suffered at the hands of Francoists.
During the 1950s, the rivalry was exacerbated further when there was a
controversy surrounding the transfer of
Alfredo Di Stéfano, who finally played for Real Madrid and was key to their subsequent success.
[131]
The 1960s saw the rivalry reach the European stage when they met twice
in a controversial knock-out round of the European Cup, with Madrid
receiving unfavourable treatment from the referee.
[132]
In 2002, the European encounter between the clubs was dubbed the "Match
of The Century" by Spanish media, and Madrid's win was watched by more
than 500 million people.
[134]
El Derbi madrileño
Real Madrid supporters during the 2006 El Derbi madrileño match held at Santiago Bernabéu.
The club's nearest neighbour is
Atlético Madrid, a rivalry being shared between fans of both football teams. Although Atlético was originally founded by three
Basque students in 1903, it was joined in 1904 by dissident members of
Madrid FC.
Tensions escalated further after Atlético were merged with the football
team of the Spanish airforce (and thus renamed Atlético Aviación), and
in the 1940s, Atlético was perceived as the preferred team of Franco's
regime before he revelled in Real's
European success in the 1950s.
[135][136]
Furthermore, Real supporters initially came from the middle and upper
classes while the Atlético supporters were drawn from the working class.
Today, however, these distinctions are largely blurred. They met for
the first time on 21 February 1929 in matchday three of the first
League Championship at the former
Chamartín. It was the first official derby of the new tournament, and Real won 2–1.
[20]
The rivalry first gained international attention in 1959 during the
European Cup when the two clubs met in the semi-final. Real won the first leg 2–1 at the Bernabéu while Atlético won 1–0 at the
Metropolitano. The tie went to a replay, which Real won 2–1. Atlético, however, gained some revenge when, led by former Real Madrid coach
José Villalonga, it defeated its city rivals in two successive
Copa del Generalísimo finals in 1960 and 1961.
[137]
Between 1961 and 1989, when Real dominated La Liga, only Atlético
offered it any serious challenge, winning Liga titles in 1966, 1970,
1973 and 1977. In 1965, Atlético became the first team to beat Real at
the Bernabéu in eight years. Real Madrid's record against Atlético in
more recent times is very favorable.
[138] A high point coming in the
2002–03 season, when Real clinched the La Liga title after a 0–4 victory at Atlético at the
Vicente Calderón Stadium.
Atlético's first win over its city rivals since 1999 came with the Copa
del Rey win in May 2013. In 2013–14, Real and Atlético were finalists
of
UEFA Champions League, the first final which hosted two clubs from same city. Real Madrid triumphed with
4–1 in extra time.
[139] On 7 February 2015, Real suffered their first defeat in 14 years at the Vicente Calderón, a 4–0 loss.
[140]
European rivalry
Real Madrid and
Bayern Munich
are two of the most successful clubs in the UEFA Champions
League/European Cup competition, Real winning ten times and Bayern
winning five times. Real Madrid versus Bayern is the match that has
historically been played most often in the Champions League, with 16
matches and the European Cup with 22 matches. Real's biggest loss at
home in the Champions League came at the hands of Bayern on 29 February
2000, 2–4.
[141] Real Madrid supporters often refer to Bayern as the "
Bestia negra" ("Black Beast"). The two teams met in the
2011–12 Champions League semi-finals,
which resulted in 3–3 on aggregate, forcing extra time and penalties.
Bayern won 3–1 on penalties to reach their first-ever home Champions
League final. They then again met in
2013–14 UEFA Champions League semi-finals, a rematch of the 2012 semi-final, with Real Madrid winning 5–0 on aggregate.
[142]
Finances and ownership
It was under
Florentino Pérez's
first presidency (2000–2006) that Real Madrid started its ambition of
becoming the world's richest professional football club.
[143]
The club ceded part of its training grounds to the city of Madrid in
2001, and sold the rest to four corporations: Repsol YPF, Mutua
Automovilística de Madrid, Sacyr Vallehermoso and OHL. The sale
eradicated the club's debts, paving the way for it to buy the world's
most expensive players, such as
Zinedine Zidane,
Luís Figo,
Ronaldo and
David Beckham.
The city had previously rezoned the training grounds for development, a
move which in turn increased their value, and then bought the site.
[40] The
European Commission started an investigation into whether the city overpaid for the property, to be considered a form of state subsidy.
[144]
The sale of the training ground for office buildings cleared Real
Madrid's debts of €270 million and enabled the club to embark upon an
unprecedented spending spree which brought big-name players to the club.
In addition, profit from the sale was spent on a state-of-the-art
training complex on the city's outskirts.
[145]
Although Pérez's policy resulted in increased financial success from
the exploitation of the club's high marketing potential around the
world, especially in Asia, it came under increasing criticism for being
too focused on marketing the Real Madrid brand and not enough on the
performances of the team.
[43]
By September 2007, Real Madrid was considered the most valuable football brand in Europe by
BBDO.
In 2008, it was ranked the second-most valuable club in football, with a
value of €951 million (£640 million / $1.285 billion),
[146] only beaten by Manchester United, which was valued at €1.333 billion (£900 million).
[147] In 2010, Real Madrid had the highest turnover in football worldwide.
[148] In September 2009, Real Madrid's management announced plans to open its own dedicated theme park by 2013.
[149]
A study at
Harvard University
concluded that Real Madrid "is one of the 20 most important brand names
and the only one in which its executives, the players, are well-known.
We have some spectacular figures in regard to worldwide support of the
club. There are an estimated 287 million people worldwide who follow
Real Madrid."
[150] In 2010,
Forbes
evaluated Real Madrid's worth to be around €992 million (US$1.323
billion), ranking them second after Manchester United, based on figures
from the 2008–09 season.
[151][152] According to
Deloitte, Real Madrid had a recorded revenue of €401 million in the same period, ranking first.
[153]
Along with Barcelona, Athletic Bilbao and
Osasuna,
Real Madrid is organised as a registered association. This means that
Real Madrid is owned by its supporters who elect the club president. The
club president cannot invest his own money into the club
[154]
and the club can only spend what it earns, which is mainly derived
through merchandise sales, television rights and ticket sales. Unlike a
limited company, it is not possible to purchase shares in the club, but only membership.
[155] The members of Real Madrid, called
socios, form an assembly of delegates which is the highest governing body of the club.
[156] As of 2010, the club has 60,000
socios.
[157]
At the end of the 2009–10 season, the club board of directors of the
club stated that Real Madrid had a net debt of €244.6 million, €82.1
million lower than the previous fiscal year. Real Madrid announced that
it had a net debt of €170 million after the 2010–11 season. From 2007 to
2011, the club made a net profit of €190 million.
[158][159]
During the 2009–10 season, Real Madrid made €150 million through ticket sales, which was the highest in top-flight football.
[158] The club has the highest number of shirt sales a season, around 1.5 million.
[158] For the 2010–11 season its wage bill totalled €169 million, which was second-highest in Europe behind Barcelona.
[160]
However, its wage bill to turnover ratio was the best in Europe at 43
percent, ahead of Manchester United and Arsenal at 46 percent and 50
percent, respectively. In 2013,
Forbes listed the club as the world's most valuable sports team, worth $3.3 billion.
[8]
Popular culture
Real Madrid was the featured club in the second edition of the
Goal! football movie trilogy,
Goal! 2: Living the Dream... (2007). The film follows former
Newcastle United
star Santiago Muñez as he is first scouted, and then signed by Real
Madrid for the 2005–06 season. The film's creators wanted to put
emphasis on the changes in Muñez's life after his move to Madrid.
Production was done with the full support of UEFA, allowing the film
crew to use many real life players in cameo roles. Real Madrid squad
members featured in the film included
Iker Casillas,
Zinedine Zidane,
David Beckham,
Ronaldo,
Roberto Carlos,
Raúl,
Sergio Ramos,
Robinho,
Thomas Gravesen,
Michael Owen,
Míchel Salgado,
Júlio Baptista,
Steve McManaman,
Jonathan Woodgate and
Iván Helguera. Non-Real Madrid players to make cameo appearances included
Ronaldinho,
Thierry Henry,
Lionel Messi,
Samuel Eto'o,
Andrés Iniesta,
Pablo Aimar,
Fredrik Ljungberg,
Cesc Fàbregas,
Santiago Cañizares and others. In the film, both
Florentino Pérez and
Alfredo Di Stéfano presented the fictional player Muñez to the club after his signing.
[161]
Real, The Movie
is a 2005 part feature, part documentary film that showcases the
world-wide passion for Real Madrid C.F. Produced by the club and
directed by Borja Manso, it follows five sub-stories of fans from around
the world and their love for Real Madrid. Along with the fictional
portion of the film, it also contains real footage of the squad, during
training at
Ciudad Real Madrid, matches, and interviews. Although the film mentions all of the squad, it mainly focuses on
galácticos
such as David Beckham, Zinedine Zidane, Raúl, Luís Figo, Ronaldo, Iker
Casillas, and Roberto Carlos, among others. The film was originally
produced in Spanish, but has been dubbed for their world-wide fanbase.
The book
White Storm: 100 years of Real Madrid by
Phil Ball
was the first English-language history of Real Madrid. Published in
2002, it talks about the most successful moments of the club during its
first centenary, having been translated into various languages. In late
2011, Real Madrid released a digital music album, entitled
Legends, and a remix of the club's anthem, "Himno del Real Madrid," was released as the first single from the album.
[162]
Real Madrid TV
Real Madrid TV is an encrypted
digital television
channel, operated by Real Madrid and specialising in the club. The
channel is available in Spanish and English. It is located at
Ciudad Real Madrid in Valdebebas (Madrid), Real Madrid's training centre.
Honours
As of 24 May 2014, Real Madrid have won a record 32
La Liga, a record ten
European Cup/
UEFA Champions League and a shared record three
Intercontinental Cup trophies. The club was awarded with the recognition of "FIFA Club of the 20th Century" on 23 December 2000,
[163] and named "Best European Club of the 20th Century" by the
IFFHS in London on 11 May 2010.
[164][165] It also received the
FIFA Order of Merit in 2004. Added to this, Real is allowed to wear a
multiple–winner badge on their shirt during UEFA Champions League matches as they have won more than five European Cups.
[30]
Domestic competitions
- Winners (32) – record: 1931–32, 1932–33, 1953–54, 1954–55, 1956–57, 1957–58, 1960–61, 1961–62, 1962–63, 1963–64, 1964–65, 1966–67, 1967–68, 1968–69, 1971–72, 1974–75, 1975–76, 1977–78, 1978–79, 1979–80, 1985–86, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1988–89, 1989–90, 1994–95, 1996–97, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2011–12
- Winners (19): 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1917, 1934, 1936, 1946, 1947, 1961–62, 1969–70, 1973–74, 1974–75, 1979–80, 1981–82, 1988–89, 1992–93, 2010–11, 2013–14
- Winners (9): 1988, 1989, 1990, 1993, 1997, 2001, 2003, 2008, 2012
- Winners: 1947
- Winners: 1984–85
European competitions
- Winners (10) – record: 1955–56, 1956–57, 1957–58, 1958–59, 1959–60, 1965–66, 1997–98, 1999–2000, 2001–02, 2013–14
- Winners: 1984–85, 1985–86
- Winners: 2002, 2014
Worldwide competitions
- Winners – shared record: 1960, 1998, 2002
- Winners: 2014
Players
Spanish teams are limited to three players without EU citizenship.
The squad list includes only the principal nationality of each player;
several non-European players on the squad have dual citizenship with an
EU country. Also, players from the
ACP countries—countries in Africa, the Caribbean, and the Pacific that are signatories to the
Cotonou Agreement—are not counted against non-EU quotas due to the
Kolpak ruling.
Current squad
- As of 26 August 2015[175]
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Out on loan
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Personnel
Current technical staff
Management
| Position |
Staff |
| President |
Florentino Pérez |
| 1st Vice-president |
Fernando Fernández Tapias |
| 2nd Vice-president |
Eduardo Fernández de Blas |
| Secretary of the Board |
Enrique Sánchez González |
| Director General |
José Ángel Sánchez |
| Director of the President's Office |
Manuel Redondo |
| Director of the Social Area |
José Luis Sánchez |
See also
References
"Real Madrid Club de Fútbol" (in Spanish). Liga de Fútbol Profesional. Retrieved 22 February 2009.
Further reading
- Dénes, Tamás & Rochy, Zoltán (2002). Real Madrid. Aréna 2000. ISBN 963-86167-5-X.
- Ball, Phil (2003). Morbo: The Story of Spanish Football (New ed.). WSC Books Limited. ISBN 0-9540134-6-8.
- Ball, Phil (2003). White Storm: The Story of Real Madrid. Mainstream. ISBN 1-84018-763-8.
- McManaman, Steve & Edworthy, Sarah (2003). El Macca: Four Years with Real Madrid. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-7434-8920-9.
- Luis Miguel González, Luis González López, Fundación Real Madrid (2002). Real Madrid: Cien años de leyenda, 1902–2002. Everest. ISBN 84-241-9215-X.
External links
 |
Wikinews has news related to:
|
- Official websites
[show]
Real Madrid Club de Fútbol
|
|
[show]
Real Madrid related articles
|
|
[show]
Real Madrid membership
|
|
[show]
Real Madrid honours
|
|
"Los vikingos arrasan Europa". Ligadecampeones.com. 23 November 1960. Retrieved 18 February 2013.
Luís Miguel González. "Pre-history and first official title (1900–1910)". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 12 July 2008.
"Santiago Bernabéu Stadium". realmadrid.com. Retrieved 8 July 2014.
"Official announcement: Rafa Benítez". realmadrid.com. 3 June 2015.
"Deloitte Football Money League 2015" (PDF). Deloitte UK. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
"The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams". Forbes.
Badenhausen, Kurt (15 July 2013). "Real Madrid Tops The World's Most Valuable Sports Teams". Forbes. Retrieved 13 December 2013.
Dongfeng Liu, Girish Ramchandani (2012). "The Global Economics of Sport". p. 65. Routledge,
"Real Madrid 1960 – the greatest club side of all time". BBC. 23 May 2011. Retrieved 19 March 2015.
"The great European Cup teams: Real Madrid 1955–60". The Guardian. 22 May 2013. Retrieved 19 March 2015.
"Football's
golden years: The magic of Real Madrid – From Di Stefano and Puskas to
European Cup domination... and the times they came unstuck against
British teams, too". Daily Mail (London). 15 February 2013. Retrieved 19 March 2015.
"Real Madrid 1955–1960". Football's Greatest. Retrieved 19 March 2015.
"World Football: The 11 Most Successful European Clubs in History". Retrieved 22 January 2012.
"CLUB WORLD RANKING 2014". IFFHS. Retrieved 2 February 2015.
"UEFA Team Ranking 2015". kassiesa.home.xs4all.nl. Retrieved 2 January 2015.
Ball, Phil p. 117.
"History — Chapter 1 – From the Estrada Lot to the nice, little O’Donnel pitch". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 11 July 2008.[dead link]
Luís Miguel González. "Bernabéu's debut to the title of Real (1911–1920)". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 12 July 2008.
Luís Miguel González (28 February 2007). "A spectacular leap towards the future (1921–1930)". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 12 July 2008.
Luís Miguel González. "The first two-time champion of the League (1931–1940)". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 18 July 2008.
"Real Madrid v Barcelona: six of the best 'El Clásicos'". The Daily Telegraph (London). 9 December 2011. Retrieved 19 December 2011.
Aguilar, Paco (10 December 1998). "Barca – Much more than just a Club". FIFA. Archived from the original on 29 April 2008. Retrieved 19 December 2011.
Ball, Phil (12 December 2003). Morbo: the Story of Spanish Football. WSC Books Ltd. ISBN 978-0-9540134-6-2.
Spaaij, Ramn (2006). Understanding football hooliganism: a comparison of six Western European football clubs. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. ISBN 978-90-5629-445-8. Retrieved 19 December 2011.
"De Franco, el Madrid, el Barca y otras mentiras de TV3". Diario Gol. Retrieved 25 November 2014
Luís Miguel González. "Bernabéu begins his office as President building the new Chamartín Stadium (1941–1950)". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 12 July 2008.
Luís Miguel González. "An exceptional decade (1951–1960)". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 12 July 2008.
Matthew Spiro (12 May 2006). "Hats off to Hanot". uefa.com. Archived from the original on 19 May 2008. Retrieved 11 July 2008.
"Regulations of the UEFA Champions League" (PDF). UEFA. Retrieved 12 July 2008.; Page 4, §2.01 "Cup" & Page 26, §16.10 "Title-holder logo"
Luís Miguel González. "The generational reshuffle was successful (1961–1970)". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 12 July 2008.
"Real Madrid History: 1961-1970". RealMadrid.com. Retrieved 1 October 2015
"Trophy Room". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 12 July 2008.
"European Competitions 1971". RSSS. Retrieved 27 September 2008.
"Santiago Bernabéu". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 12 October 2008.
"The "Quinta del Buitre" era begins". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 11 July 2008.
"1991–2000 – From Raúl González to the turn of the new millennium". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 12 July 2008.
"Florentino Pérez era" (in Spanish). Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 12 July 2008.
"Figo's the Real deal". BBC Sport. 24 July 2000. Retrieved 12 July 2008.
"2001 – present — Real Madrid surpasses the century mark". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 12 July 2008.
"Real ditch Del Bosque". BBC Sport. 24 June 2003. Retrieved 9 August 2014.
"Chelsea sign Makelele". BBC Sport. 1 September 2003. Retrieved 9 August 2014.
Lowe, Sid (2013). "Fear and Loathing in La Liga: The True Story of Barcelona and Real Madrid". p. 356-357. Random House,
"Alberto Moreno angling for Real Madrid move". Marca. Retrieved 23 August 2014
"Real Madrid 0–3 Barcelona". BBC Sport. 19 November 2005. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
"Real Madrid sack coach Luxemburgo". BBC Sport. 4 December 2005. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
"Real Madrid concede six in defeat". BBC Sport. 8 February 2006. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
"Perez resigns as Madrid president". BBC Sport. 27 February 2006. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
"Beckham's farewell cut short but he still departs a winner". theguardian.com. 18 June 2007. Retrieved 12 July 2008.
"Beckham bows out with La Liga title". BBC. Retrieved 16 August 2014
"Perez to return as Real president". BBC Sport. 1 June 2009. Retrieved 3 June 2009.
Wilson, Jeremy (7 June 2009). "Real Madrid to confirm world record £56m signing of Kaka". The Telegraph. Retrieved 13 February 2015.
"Ronaldo completes £80m Real move". BBC. Retrieved 16 August 2014
Tynan, Gordon (28 May 2010). "Mourinho to be unveiled at Madrid on Monday after £7m compensation deal". The Independent (London). Retrieved 31 May 2010.
"Real Madrid unveil José Mourinho as their new coach". BBC Sport. 31 May 2010. Retrieved 31 May 2010.
"Barcelona 1 – 1 Real Madrid (agg 3 – 1)". BBC. Retrieved 3 October 2014
2011–12 La Liga
"Cristiano Ronaldo is fastest La Liga player to 100 goals". BBC Sport. 24 March 2012. Retrieved 19 August 2012.
"Jose Mourinho, Real Madrid earn vindication after La Liga conquest – La Liga News | FOX Sports on MSN". Msn.foxsports.com. 13 May 2012. Retrieved 19 August 2012.
"Jose Mourinho: Real Madrid boss to leave next month". BBC. 20 May 2013.
"Jose Mourinho: Real Madrid season worst of my career". BBC. 17 May 2013. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
"Carlo Ancelotti named Real Madrid boss, Laurent Blanc joins PSG". BBC Sport. 25 June 2013. Retrieved 25 September 2013.
Sharma, Rik (26 June 2013). "Ancelotti presented as new Madrid boss with former Chelsea coach Clement and Zidane as his assistants". Daily Mail (London). Retrieved 26 June 2013.
"Gareth Bale transfer". Daily Mirror (London). 1 September 2013. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
Lowe, Sid (16 April 2014). "Real Madrid's Gareth Bale gallops past Barcelona to land Copa del Rey". The Guardian. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
"Bayern Munich 0–4 Real Madrid". BBC Sport. 29 April 2014. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
"Real Madrid make history with La Decima". euronews.com. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
"Real Madrid to unleash new signings Rodriguez and Kroos in Super Cup". First Post. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
"Real Madrid ties with Barcelona in trophies". Marca. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
"Cristiano
Ronaldo hits out at loss of Angel di Maria and Xabi Alonso as Real
Madrid star claims he would have 'done things differently' during summer
transfer window". DailyMail (London). Retrieved 5 September 2014.
"Ancelotti: Madrid must start again from scratch". Yahoo! Sports. Retrieved 5 September 2014.
"Real Madrid stretch winning run as Ronaldo and Gareth Bale score". BBC. Retrieved 20 December 2014
"Real Madrid 2–0 San Lorenzo". BBC. Retrieved 20 December 2014
"Valencia 2 – 1 Real Madrid". BBC. Retrieved 4 January 2015
"Florentino Pérez holds a press conference". realmadrid.com. 25 May 2015.
"Escudo Real Madrid" (in Spanish). santiagobernabeu.com. Retrieved 29 November 2008.
"Presidents — Pedro Parages". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 18 July 2008.
"Camiseta Real Madrid" (in Spanish). santiagobernabeu.com. Retrieved 29 November 2008.
Real Madrid home kit in 1905 was all-white, so the supporters began referring to the players as Los Blancos.
"Adidas renews with Real Madrid until 2020". sportspromedia.com. 1 December 2006. Retrieved 12 July 2008.
"Our Sponsors — Adidas". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 18 July 2008.
"Evolución Del Uniforme del Real Madrid (1902–1989)" (in Spanish). Leyendablanca.com. Retrieved 18 July 2008.
"Evolución Del Uniforme del Real Madrid (1991–2008)" (in Spanish). Leyendablanca.com. Retrieved 18 July 2008.
"BenQ to sponsor giant Real Madrid". taipeitimes.com. 8 November 2005. Retrieved 18 July 2008.
Juan José López Soto (11 June 2008). "Real Madrid and Bwin sign sponsorship agreement". bwinparty.com. Retrieved 18 July 2008.
"Our Sponsors — bwin.com". bwin.com. Retrieved 18 July 2008.
madridgalacticos.com The Stadium and Kit
"Estadio Santiago Bernabéu". stadiumguide.com. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
Ball, Phil p. 118.
"History — Chapter 3 – The New Chamartin, an exemplary stadium". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 12 July 2008.
"60th Anniversary". xtratime.org. 13 December 2007. Retrieved 12 July 2008.
"German Bundesliga Stats: Team Attendance – 2010–11". ESPNsoccernet.
"Camp Nou: Average attendance 79,390". Arxiu.fcbarcelona.cat. 17 May 2011. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
"Barclays Premier League Stats: Team Attendance – 2010–11". ESPNsoccernet.
"Spanish La Liga Stats: Team Attendance – 2010–11". ESPNsoccernet.
"Madrid and Hamburg awarded 2010 finals". UEFA.com (Union of European Football Associations). 28 March 2008. Archived from the original on 23 March 2010. Retrieved 9 March 2010.
"Santiago Bernabéu station" (in Spanish). Metromadrid.es. Retrieved 30 September 2007.
Javier Palomino (14 November 2007). "The Bernabéu is now Elite". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 12 July 2008.
"This one's for you, Alfredo!". Realmadrid.com. 10 May 2006. Retrieved 7 July 2008.
"Legends — Manolo Sanchís Hontiyuela". realmadrid.com. Retrieved 13 July 2008.
"FIFA Century Club" (PDF). fifa.com. Retrieved 13 July 2008.
"Ronaldo's 501 goals: The numbers behind his amazing scoring record". Retrieved 1 October 2015.
"Conor Brown Equals Di Stéfano's Real Madrid Record". Retrieved 5 February 2009.
"Quickfire Ronaldo proves Real hero". CNN.com. 3 December 2003. Retrieved 7 December 2008.
"Attendances Spain average — Primera División 2007–2008". European Football Statistics. Archived from the original on 13 June 2008. Retrieved 16 July 2008.
"European Attendances". European Football Statistics. Archived from the original on 13 June 2008. Retrieved 16 July 2008.
"Unbeaten at Home in the League". rsssf.com. Retrieved 7 December 2008.
"History". Uefa.com. Archived from the original on 16 January 2010. Retrieved 11 July 2008.
"History:". Uefa.com. Retrieved 11 July 2008.
"Real Madrid win Club World Cup, fourth title of 2014". Yahoo Sports. Retrieved 19 February 2015
"Real Madrid equals Bayern's Champions League win record". Goal. 18 February 2015.
"History of the world transfer record". BBC News. 11 June 2009. Retrieved 12 June 2009.
"Man Utd accept £80m Ronaldo bid". BBC Sport. 11 June 2009. Retrieved 19 December 2011.
"Angel Di Maria: Man Utd pay British record £59.7m for winger". BBC Sport. 26 August 2014. Retrieved 27 August 2014.
On the first place was Barcelona with an average gate of 76,000.
"Top 100 Facebook Fan Pages". Fanpagelist.com. Retrieved 24 October 2014
Ozanian, Mike. "Barcelona becomes first sports team to have 50 million Facebook fans". Forbes.com.
"Real supporters reported to Spanish FA". BBC Sport. 19 April 2005. Retrieved 3 June 2008.
"UEFA investigate Real Madrid supporters". BBC Sport. 25 November 2004. Retrieved 3 June 2008.
Kassam, Ashifa (9 December 2013). "Real Madrid moves to send off Ultras Sur fans". The Guardian (London). Retrieved 1 January 2015.
"A Bernabéu without 'Ultras'". Marca. 9 December 2013. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
"Ultras Sur protest outside Bernabeu". Football Espana. 9 December 2013. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
Ghemawat, Pankaj. p. 2
"Victory Tracker". Ceroacero.es. Retrieved 18 February 2013.
Kleiner-Liebau, Désirée. p. 70
Ball, Phil (21 April 2002). "The ancient rivalry of Barcelona and Real Madrid". The Guardian (London). Retrieved 13 March 2010.
Spaaij, Ramón. p. 251
Salazar, Bernardo (9 November 2003). "Franco recibió dos medallas del Barça" (in Spanish). Diario AS. Retrieved 28 August 2010.
Abend, Lisa (20 December 2007). "Barcelona vs. Real Madrid: More Than a Game". Time. Retrieved 1 July 2009.
Lowe, Sid (26 March 2001). "Morbo: The Story of Spanish Football by Phil Ball (London: WSC Books, 2001)". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 July 2009.
Burns, Jimmy. pp. 31–34.
"The Joy of Six: Real Madrid v Barcelona El Clásico classics". The Guardian. 9 April 2010. Retrieved 4 February 2015.
"Real win Champions League showdown". BBC News. 11 December 2008. Retrieved 21 August 2010.
Ballout, Richard (7 January 2015). "Why everything you know about the Madrid derby might be wrong". FourFourTwo. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
FITZPATRICK, Richard (7 October 2012). "Franco, Real Madrid and Spanish football’s eternal power struggle". The Scotsman. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
Real have won El Derbi madrileño 75 times.
Álvaro Velasco (17 January 2008). "H2H statistics". espn.co.uk. Retrieved 12 July 2008.
Prince-Wright, Joe. "Real Madrid win Champions League, seal tenth title after dramatic comeback". NBC Sports. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
Clements, Ashley (7 February 2015). "Atletico Madrid 4–0 Real Madrid MATCH REPORT". Daily Mail. Retrieved 13 February 2015.
"Acht Fakten zum Halbfinal-Rückspiel Real – Bayern" (in German). sportal.de. 25 April 2012. Retrieved 26 April 2012.
"Bayern Munich 0–4 Real Madrid". BBC. Retrieved 23 August 2014
"Perez resigns as Real Madrid president". BBC. 27 February 2006. Retrieved 11 December 2008.
Nash, Elizabeth (4 March 2004). "EU investigates Real Madrid property deal". London: independent.co.uk. Retrieved 14 August 2008.
"'Mistakes are forbidden'". CNN/Sports Illustrated. 8 May 2001. Retrieved 14 August 2008.
"The Most Valuable Soccer Teams". Forbes. 30 April 2008. Retrieved 16 March 2010.
"The Most Valuable Soccer Teams – Manchester United". Forbes. 30 April 2008. Retrieved 16 March 2010.
"Deloitte Football Money League" (PDF). Deloitte. 20 October 2003. Retrieved 16 March 2010.
"Real Madrid plan to open their own theme park". TheSpoiler.co.uk. Retrieved 8 September 2009.
"Noticias". upcomillas.es. Retrieved 23 February 2009.
"The Business of Soccer". Forbes. 21 April 2010. Retrieved 7 August 2010.
"Soccer Team Valuations". Forbes. 30 June 2009. Retrieved 7 August 2010.
"Real Madrid becomes the first sports team in the world to generate €400m in revenues as it tops Deloitte Football Money League". Deloitte. Retrieved 7 August 2010.
"How Real Madrid can afford their transfer spending splurge? – ESPN Soccernet". Soccernet.espn.go.com. 12 June 2009. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
Peterson, Marc p. 25
Andreff, Wladimir; Szymański, Stefan (2006). Handbook on the economics of sport. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 299. ISBN 1-84376-608-6.
"Real Madrid drama. The oldest supporter died" (in Romanian). ziare.com. 2010. Retrieved 21 September 2010.
The Swiss Rambler (21 June 2011). "The Swiss Ramble: Real Madrid And Financial Fair Play". Swissramble.blogspot.ie. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
"Real
Madrid C.F. – Official Web Site – Real Madrid's annual turnover amounts
to €480.2 million, showing an 8.6% increase over the previous financial
year". goal.com. 16 September 2011. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
Rodrigues, Jason (3 May 2012). "Football clubs dominate the world ranking of highest-paying sports clubs". The Guardian (London). Retrieved 4 July 2012.
"Goal! 2: Living the Dream... (2007)". IMDb. Retrieved 3 September 2009.
"Real Madrid launches Legends music album". Real Madrid CF. 2011. Archived from the original on 5 November 2011.
"106 years of history". foxsportspulse.com. 8 March 2008. Retrieved 12 July 2008.
"Best European Club of the 20th Century". Realmadrid.com. 11 May 2010. Retrieved 1 February 2014.
Lucas Brown (10 September 2009). "Real Madrid Named Club Of The Century By Stats Foundation". Goal.com. Retrieved 1 February 2014.
"Evolution 1929–10". Liga de Fútbol Profesional. Retrieved 6 August 2010.
"Palmarés en" (in Spanish). MARCA. Retrieved 22 June 2010.
Carnicero, José; Torre, Raúl; Ferrer, Carles Lozano (28 August 2009). "Spain – List of Super Cup Finals". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF). Retrieved 22 June 2010.
Torre, Raúl (29 January 2009). "Spain – List of League Cup Finals". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF). Retrieved 22 June 2010.
"Champions League history". Union of European Football Associations (UEFA). Retrieved 22 June 2010.
"Europa League history". UEFA. Retrieved 22 June 2010.
"UEFA Super Cup". UEFA. Retrieved 22 June 2010.
Magnani, Loris; Stokkermans, Karel (30 April 2005). "Intercontinental Club Cup". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 9 August 2010.
"Real Madrid coast to Morocco 2014 title". 20 December 2014.
"Real Madrid Squad | Real Madrid CF". Realmadrid.com. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
0 Comments